Chapter 4: Modern Society — Set 10

The World Snooker Championship moved to the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield in 1977 and has been held there every year since, making the venue the home of snooker.

Dolly the sheep was created at the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh. In 1996 she became the first mammal ever cloned from an adult cell, a breakthrough that made headlines around the world when her birth was announced the following year.

The maximum break in snooker is 147, made by potting all 15 reds each followed by the black, and then all the colours in sequence.

The Fringe began in 1947, the same year as the first Edinburgh International Festival, when theatre groups who had not been invited to the official festival staged their own shows alongside it. It has grown into the world's largest performing arts festival, held every August.

EastEnders centres on Albert Square in the fictional borough of Walford; the square is named after Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria — as is the show's pub, the Queen Vic.

The pantomime dame is a larger-than-life older female character traditionally played by a man in an over-the-top costume. She is one of pantomime's stock characters, alongside the hero, the principal boy — traditionally played by a woman — and the villain the audience loves to boo.

Dr. No, released in 1962, was the first James Bond film, introducing Sean Connery as Bond, and Goldfinger is another film from the same series. Lawrence of Arabia is David Lean's epic about T. E. Lawrence in the First World War, and Chariots of Fire tells the true story of British athletes at the 1924 Paris Olympics — neither is a Bond film.

Sean Connery was the first actor to play Bond in the official film series, taking the role in Dr. No in 1962 and playing the part in a series of films through the 1960s.

Barbara Hepworth moved to St Ives in Cornwall in 1939 and lived there for the rest of her life; her home and studio there are now the Barbara Hepworth Museum.

Romeo and Juliet is Shakespeare's tragedy about two young lovers from feuding Veronese families whose deaths bring the feud to an end.

Shakespeare is widely known simply as 'the Bard' — an old word for a poet — and is also called the Bard of Avon after his birthplace, Stratford-upon-Avon.

Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, setting out his theory that species evolve over generations through natural selection.

Stephen Hawking, the Cambridge theoretical physicist, wrote A Brief History of Time, published in 1988, which became an international bestseller.

John Wesley founded the Methodist movement in the 18th century, preaching across Britain and organising his followers into societies that became the Methodist Church.

William Booth founded the organisation that became the Salvation Army in 1865, combining preaching with practical help for the poor of London's East End.

The Church of Scotland is a Presbyterian church, governed through courts of ministers and elders rather than by bishops.

The National Eisteddfod is Wales's great annual festival of music, literature and performance, conducted largely in the Welsh language and held in a different location each year.

The caber is a long tapered tree trunk which athletes at the Highland Games must lift and toss so that it turns end over end.

The Fringe began alongside the Edinburgh International Festival in 1947, when uninvited theatre groups set up their own shows on the edge — the fringe — of the official event. Every August it now takes over venues across Edinburgh as the world's largest performing arts festival.

Robert Burns, Scotland's national poet, wrote 'Auld Lang Syne'. The song is sung at Hogmanay — Scotland's New Year celebration — as the clocks strike midnight, and its singing has spread from Scotland to New Year celebrations around the world.

Dolly was born in 1996 at the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh and her arrival was announced in 1997. She was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell, proving that a specialised adult cell could be used to create a whole new animal.

Wesak is a Buddhist festival celebrating events in the life of the Buddha, so it is not Christian. Good Friday and Easter Sunday are central to the Christian story of Jesus's death and resurrection, and Christmas Day celebrates his birth.

Clotted cream is the speciality of Devon and Cornwall, and the two counties famously disagree about whether the jam or the cream goes on the scone first. Somerset and Dorset are neighbouring south-western counties, but clotted cream is not their speciality.

Chicken tikka masala — chicken in a creamy spiced tomato sauce — was developed in Britain for local tastes and is often described as one of the country's favourite dishes.